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The answer to why UP and Bihar continue to pose challenge to polio eradication, despite several polio vaccination rounds, appears to lie in vaccinated children themselves.According to a new study, children who have got many doses of oral polio vaccine still can be infected by the virus but without having the disease. These children continue to excrete virus in stool and spread the disease.The study was carried out by experts from National Polio Surveillance Project, Global Polio Eradication Initiative and Imperial College, London.In the study, scientists tested the stool samples of 14,005 healthy children who were in contact with 2,761 children with suspected polio during 2003-08 in India.Healthy children who were in contact with children with laboratory-confirmed polio cases had wild-type polio virus in their stool sample in 13 per cent of cases. It increased to 20 per cent for samples obtained within three weeks of the onset of paralysis in the child with polio, the study found.Fifteen per cent of children who reported receipt of more than 10 doses of oral polio vaccine and who were in contact with individuals with laboratory confirmed cases of polio had type 1 polio virus isolated from their stool samples. Type 1 polio virus is seen as difficult to eradicate among three kinds of viruses.The team estimated that probability of detecting type 1 polio virus among inadequately vaccinated children - those who had received only zero to two doses of the vaccine - in contact with children with polio was approximately 50 per cent. However, the actual number of polio virus infections among these children is likely to be significantly higher because not all of those infected would have had detectable virus in their stool at the time of sample collection, the scientists pointed out.In UP and Bihar, polio virus continues to circulate despite high levels of vaccination coverage. "In the highly vaccinated population in northern India, the potential contribution of vaccinated children to the persistent transmission of wild-type polio virus warrants investigation," the paper published in Journal of Infectious Diseases , said.The total number of polio cases in 2010 is 19 compared to 40 at the same time last year.Reproduced From Mail Today. Copyright 2010. MTNPL. All rights reserved.
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